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Anyone who has cut over a database with logical replication knows the dance. The table data replicates beautifully, every row lands on the subscriber, and then you promote it to primary and the very first `INSERT` blows up with a primary key violation. The reason: the sequences backing your `SERIAL` and `IDENTITY` columns never moved. They sat at their initial values on the subscriber the whole time, so the new primary cheerfully tries to hand out an ID that already exists. For a feature that has been in Postgres since 10, this gap has cost a lot of people a lot of cutover-window stress.

Postgres 19 finally closes it with automatic sequence synchronization. The work landed across three commits from Amit Kapila:

1. [96b37849](https://git.postgresql.org/gitweb/?p=postgresql.git;a=commitdiff;h=96b37849734673e7c82fb86c4f0a46a28f500ac8) added publication support for sequences

1. [f0b3573c](https://git.postgresql.org/gitweb/?p=postgresql.git;a=commit;h=f0b3573c3a) introduced the `REFRESH SEQUENCES` command

1. [5509055d](https://git.postgresql.org/gitweb/?p=postgresql.git;a=commitdiff;h=5509055d6956745532e65ab218e15b99d87d66ce) implemented the synchronization worker.

## Usage

Publications now take `FOR ALL SEQUENCES`:

```sql
-- Publisher
CREATE PUBLICATION upgrade_pub FOR ALL TABLES, ALL SEQUENCES;

-- Subscriber
CREATE SUBSCRIPTION upgrade_sub
    CONNECTION 'host=publisher-db dbname=production'
    PUBLICATION upgrade_pub;
```

Behind the scenes, a new sequencesync worker pulls sequences over in batches. Each one tracks its state (INIT → READY) in `pg_subscription_rel`, same place table sync state already lives, so you can watch progress with a query you may already know:

```sql
SELECT srsubid, srrelid::regclass, srsubstate
FROM pg_subscription_rel
WHERE srsubstate IN ('i', 'r');  -- 'i' = INIT, 'r' = READY
```

One thing to keep in mind: sequences do not stay live the way table data does. They only sync when you explicitly run `REFRESH SEQUENCES`. So put this line in your cutover runbook, right before you promote, not after:

```sql
ALTER SUBSCRIPTION upgrade_sub REFRESH SEQUENCES;
```

## Closing Thoughts

Postgres has been chipping away at the logical replication gaps release by release. Postgres 18 picked up generated column support. Postgres 19 takes the bigger prize: sequence synchronization, which was easily the nastiest snag in zero-downtime upgrade and failover workflows.

The one big hole left is DDL replication. Schema migrations still need manual coordination, and there is no `REFRESH SEQUENCES`-equivalent waiting to rescue you. To be fair, that bothers me less than missing sequences did. When you promote a subscriber, you generally want the schema already in place and identical, so DDL replication matters mostly for steady-state replication, not cutover. Missing sequence values take down production the instant you flip over. Coordinating a DDL change, by contrast, is just standard operational hygiene. So I am happy to let DDL replication wait for a future release.

## References

- [Postgres logical replication restrictions](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/18/logical-replication-restrictions.html)


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